Context Multiple pages in an application each implement their own fetch logic with loading and error states, resulting in significant code duplication. The Problem Every component repeats the same useEffect + useState pattern for data fetching, making it hard to maintain and test centrally. Constraints Extract the logic into a custom hook named useFetch. Return { data, loading, error } from the hook. Handle component unmounting to prevent state updates on unmounted components. Expected Deliverable A reusable useFetch custom hook encapsulating async fetching with loading and error states, and cleanup logic to avoid memory leaks.